window_manager.h

/*****************************************************************************
 * VCLib                                                                     *
 * Visual Computing Library                                                  *
 *                                                                           *
 * Copyright(C) 2021-2025                                                    *
 * Visual Computing Lab                                                      *
 * ISTI - Italian National Research Council                                  *
 *                                                                           *
 * All rights reserved.                                                      *
 *                                                                           *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify      *
 * it under the terms of the Mozilla Public License Version 2.0 as published *
 * by the Mozilla Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or            *
 * (at your option) any later version.                                       *
 *                                                                           *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,           *
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of            *
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the              *
 * Mozilla Public License Version 2.0                                        *
 * (https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/) for more details.                *
 ****************************************************************************/
 
#ifndef VCL_GLFW_WINDOW_MANAGER_H
#define VCL_GLFW_WINDOW_MANAGER_H
 
#include "input.h"
 
#include <vclib/render/concepts/render_app.h>
#include <vclib/render/window_managers.h>
#include <vclib/space/core/point.h>
 
#if defined(__linux__)
#ifdef VCLIB_RENDER_WITH_WAYLAND
#define GLFW_EXPOSE_NATIVE_WAYLAND
#else
#define GLFW_EXPOSE_NATIVE_X11
#endif
#elif defined(_WIN32)
#define GLFW_EXPOSE_NATIVE_WIN32
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
#define GLFW_EXPOSE_NATIVE_COCOA
#endif
 
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3native.h>
 
#include <iostream>
 
namespace vcl::glfw {
 
namespace detail {
 
inline void glfwErrorCallback(int error, const char* description)
{
    std::cerr << "GLFW error: " << error << ": " << description << std::endl;
}
 
} // namespace detail
 
template<typename DerivedRenderApp>
class WindowManager
{
    std::string mTitle;
 
    // double click management
    static constexpr int NO_BUTTON = GLFW_MOUSE_BUTTON_LAST + 1;
 
    // delta time between two clicks
    static constexpr double DOUBLE_CLICK_TIME_SECS   = 0.25;
    static constexpr double DOUBLE_CLICK_DIST_PIXELS = 4.0; // pixels?
 
    double  mLastPressedTime   = 0.0;
    int     mLastPressedButton = NO_BUTTON;
    Point2d mLastPressedPos    = {0, 0};
 
protected:
    GLFWwindow* mWindow = nullptr;
    float       mScaleX = 1.0f; // content scaling
    float       mScaleY = 1.0f;
 
public:
    using ParentType = void;
 
    static const uint WINDOW_MANAGER_ID = WindowManagerId::GLFW_WINDOW;
 
    WindowManager(ParentType* parent = nullptr) :
            WindowManager("", 1024, 768, parent)
    {
    }
 
    WindowManager(
        const std::string& windowTitle,
        uint               width  = 1024,
        uint               height = 768,
        ParentType*               = nullptr) : mTitle(windowTitle)
    {
        static_assert(
            RenderAppConcept<DerivedRenderApp>,
            "The DerivedRenderApp must satisfy the RenderAppConcept.");
 
        glfwSetErrorCallback(detail::glfwErrorCallback);
        if (!glfwInit()) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to initialize GLFW" << std::endl;
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
 
#if defined(VCLIB_RENDER_BACKEND_BGFX)
        glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
        glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_TRUE);
#if defined(__APPLE__)
        glfwWindowHint(GLFW_COCOA_RETINA_FRAMEBUFFER, GLFW_TRUE);
#endif
#elif defined(VCLIB_RENDER_BACKEND_OPENGL2)
        glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 2);
        glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 1);
        glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_TRUE);
#endif
 
        glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SCALE_TO_MONITOR, GLFW_TRUE);
 
        mWindow = glfwCreateWindow(
            width, height, windowTitle.c_str(), nullptr, nullptr);
        if (!mWindow) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
            glfwTerminate();
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
 
#ifdef VCLIB_RENDER_BACKEND_OPENGL2
        glfwMakeContextCurrent(mWindow);
#endif
 
        // get content scale (e.g. for macOS retina displays)
        glfwGetWindowContentScale(mWindow, &mScaleX, &mScaleY);
 
        glfwSetWindowUserPointer(mWindow, this);
        setCallbacks();
    }
 
    virtual ~WindowManager() { cleanup(); }
 
    const std::string& windowTitle() const { return mTitle; }
 
    void setWindowTitle(const std::string& title)
    {
        mTitle = title;
        glfwSetWindowTitle(mWindow, mTitle.c_str());
    }
 
    uint width() const
    {
        int width, height;
        glfwGetWindowSize(mWindow, &width, &height);
        return width;
    }
 
    uint height() const
    {
        int width, height;
        glfwGetWindowSize(mWindow, &width, &height);
        return height;
    }
 
    void resize(uint width, uint height)
    {
        glfwSetWindowSize(mWindow, width, height);
    }
 
    void show()
    {
        DerivedRenderApp::WM::init(derived());
        while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(mWindow)) {
            glfwPollEvents();
            DerivedRenderApp::WM::paint(derived());
#ifdef VCLIB_RENDER_BACKEND_OPENGL2
            glfwSwapBuffers(mWindow);
#endif
        }
        // Window was closed by user, clean up
        cleanup();
    }
 
    bool isMinimized() const
    {
        return glfwGetWindowAttrib(mWindow, GLFW_ICONIFIED);
    }
 
    // required by the WindowManagerConcept
    // because when the Canvas draws, then it requires the WindowManger to
    // update. Here is empty because the show() method does and manages
    // internally the loop.
    void update() {}
 
    Point2f dpiScale() const { return Point2f(mScaleX, mScaleY); }
 
    void* winId() const
    {
        void* nwh = nullptr;
 
#if defined(__linux__)
#ifdef VCLIB_RENDER_WITH_WAYLAND
        nwh = (void*) (uintptr_t) glfwGetWaylandWindow(mWindow);
#else
        nwh = (void*) (uintptr_t) glfwGetX11Window(mWindow);
#endif
#elif defined(_WIN32)
        nwh = glfwGetWin32Window(mWindow);
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
        nwh = glfwGetCocoaWindow(mWindow);
#endif
 
        return nwh;
    }
 
    void* displayId() const
    {
        void* ndt = nullptr;
#ifdef __linux__
#ifdef VCLIB_RENDER_WITH_WAYLAND
        ndt = (void*) (uintptr_t) glfwGetWaylandDisplay();
#else
        ndt = (void*) (uintptr_t) glfwGetX11Display();
#endif
#endif
        return ndt;
    }
 
protected:
    void* windowPtr() { return reinterpret_cast<void*>(mWindow); }
 
    // callbacks
    virtual void glfwFramebufferSizeCallback(GLFWwindow*, int width, int height)
    {
        DerivedRenderApp::WM::resize(derived(), width, height);
    }
 
    virtual void glfwContentScaleCallback(
        GLFWwindow*,
        float xscale,
        float yscale)
    {
        mScaleX = xscale;
        mScaleY = yscale;
 
        int width, height;
        glfwGetFramebufferSize(mWindow, &width, &height);
        DerivedRenderApp::WM::resize(derived(), width, height);
    }
 
    virtual void glfwKeyCallback(
        GLFWwindow*,
        int key,
        int,
        int action,
        int mods)
    {
#if defined GLFW_EXPOSE_NATIVE_X11
        // Fix modifiers on X11
        // maybe it will be fixed https://github.com/glfw/glfw/issues/1630
        mods = fixKeyboardMods(key, action, mods);
#endif
 
        // GLFW modifiers are always set
        DerivedRenderApp::WM::setModifiers(
            derived(), glfw::fromGLFW((glfw::KeyboardModifiers) mods));
 
        vcl::Key::Enum k = glfw::fromGLFW((glfw::Key) key);
 
        if (action == GLFW_PRESS || action == GLFW_REPEAT) {
            DerivedRenderApp::WM::keyPress(derived(), k);
        }
        else if (action == GLFW_RELEASE) {
            DerivedRenderApp::WM::keyRelease(derived(), k);
        }
    }
 
    virtual void glfwMouseButtonCallback(
        GLFWwindow* win,
        int         button,
        int         action,
        int         mods)
    {
        vcl::MouseButton::Enum btn = glfw::fromGLFW((glfw::MouseButton) button);
 
        DerivedRenderApp::WM::setModifiers(
            derived(), glfw::fromGLFW((glfw::KeyboardModifiers) mods));
 
        Point2d pos;
        Point2f scale;
        glfwGetCursorPos(win, &pos.x(), &pos.y());
#ifdef __APPLE__
        // only macOS has coherent coordinates with content scale
        pos.x() *= dpiScale().x();
        pos.y() *= dpiScale().y();
#endif
 
        if (action == GLFW_PRESS) {
            // handle double click
            const double timeSeconds = glfwGetTime();
 
            if (timeSeconds - mLastPressedTime < DOUBLE_CLICK_TIME_SECS &&
                button == mLastPressedButton &&
                (mLastPressedPos - pos).norm() < DOUBLE_CLICK_DIST_PIXELS) {
                mLastPressedTime   = 0.0;
                mLastPressedButton = NO_BUTTON;
                DerivedRenderApp::WM::mouseDoubleClick(
                    derived(), btn, pos.x(), pos.y());
            }
            else {
                mLastPressedTime   = timeSeconds;
                mLastPressedButton = button;
                mLastPressedPos    = pos;
                DerivedRenderApp::WM::mousePress(
                    derived(), btn, pos.x(), pos.y());
            }
        }
        else if (action == GLFW_RELEASE) {
            DerivedRenderApp::WM::mouseRelease(
                derived(), btn, pos.x(), pos.y());
        }
    }
 
    virtual void glfwCursorPosCallback(GLFWwindow*, double xpos, double ypos)
    {
#ifdef __APPLE__
        // only macOS has coherent coordinates with content scale
        xpos *= dpiScale().x();
        ypos *= dpiScale().y();
#endif
        DerivedRenderApp::WM::mouseMove(derived(), xpos, ypos);
    }
 
    virtual void glfwScrollCallback(GLFWwindow*, double xoffset, double yoffset)
    {
        {
            // This is ok for macOS
            // TODO: check other platforms
            // TODO: check if content scale must be used
            const double TO_PIXEL_FACTOR = 10;
            DerivedRenderApp::WM::mouseScroll(
                derived(),
                xoffset * TO_PIXEL_FACTOR,
                yoffset * TO_PIXEL_FACTOR);
        }
    }
 
private:
    void cleanup()
    {
        if (mWindow) {
            glfwDestroyWindow(mWindow);
            mWindow = nullptr;
        }
    }
 
    void setCallbacks()
    {
        // framebuffer size callback
        glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(
            mWindow, [](GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height) {
                auto* self = static_cast<WindowManager*>(
                    glfwGetWindowUserPointer(window));
                self->glfwFramebufferSizeCallback(window, width, height);
            });
 
        // content scale callback
        glfwSetWindowContentScaleCallback(
            mWindow, [](GLFWwindow* window, float xscale, float yscale) {
                auto* self = static_cast<WindowManager*>(
                    glfwGetWindowUserPointer(window));
                self->glfwContentScaleCallback(window, xscale, yscale);
            });
 
        // key callback
        glfwSetKeyCallback(
            mWindow,
            [](GLFWwindow* window,
               int         key,
               int         scancode,
               int         action,
               int         mods) {
                auto* self = static_cast<WindowManager*>(
                    glfwGetWindowUserPointer(window));
                self->glfwKeyCallback(window, key, scancode, action, mods);
            });
 
        // mouse position callback
        glfwSetCursorPosCallback(
            mWindow, [](GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos) {
                auto* self = static_cast<WindowManager*>(
                    glfwGetWindowUserPointer(window));
                self->glfwCursorPosCallback(window, xpos, ypos);
            });
 
        // mouse button callback
        glfwSetMouseButtonCallback(
            mWindow, [](GLFWwindow* window, int button, int action, int mods) {
                auto* self = static_cast<WindowManager*>(
                    glfwGetWindowUserPointer(window));
                self->glfwMouseButtonCallback(window, button, action, mods);
            });
 
        // scroll callback
        glfwSetScrollCallback(
            mWindow, [](GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset) {
                auto* self = static_cast<WindowManager*>(
                    glfwGetWindowUserPointer(window));
                self->glfwScrollCallback(window, xoffset, yoffset);
            });
    }
 
    auto* derived() { return static_cast<DerivedRenderApp*>(this); }
 
    const auto* derived() const
    {
        return static_cast<const DerivedRenderApp*>(this);
    }
 
    static int fixKeyboardMods(int key, int action, int mods)
    {
        switch (key) {
        case GLFW_KEY_LEFT_SHIFT:
        case GLFW_KEY_RIGHT_SHIFT:
            return (action == GLFW_PRESS) ? mods | GLFW_MOD_SHIFT :
                                            mods & (~GLFW_MOD_SHIFT);
        case GLFW_KEY_LEFT_CONTROL:
        case GLFW_KEY_RIGHT_CONTROL:
            return (action == GLFW_PRESS) ? mods | GLFW_MOD_CONTROL :
                                            mods & (~GLFW_MOD_CONTROL);
        case GLFW_KEY_LEFT_ALT:
        case GLFW_KEY_RIGHT_ALT:
            return (action == GLFW_PRESS) ? mods | GLFW_MOD_ALT :
                                            mods & (~GLFW_MOD_ALT);
        case GLFW_KEY_LEFT_SUPER:
        case GLFW_KEY_RIGHT_SUPER:
            return (action == GLFW_PRESS) ? mods | GLFW_MOD_SUPER :
                                            mods & (~GLFW_MOD_SUPER);
        default: break;
        }
 
        return mods;
    }
};
 
} // namespace vcl::glfw
 
#endif // VCL_GLFW_WINDOW_MANAGER_H