random.h

/*****************************************************************************
 * VCLib                                                                     *
 * Visual Computing Library                                                  *
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 * Copyright(C) 2021-2025                                                    *
 * Visual Computing Lab                                                      *
 * ISTI - Italian National Research Council                                  *
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 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the              *
 * Mozilla Public License Version 2.0                                        *
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#ifndef VCL_ALGORITHMS_CORE_RANDOM_H
#define VCL_ALGORITHMS_CORE_RANDOM_H
 
#include <vclib/space/core.h>
 
#include <random>
 
namespace vcl {
 
namespace detail {
 
inline int poissonRatioOfUniformsInteger(double L, std::mt19937& gen)
{
    // constants
    const double SHAT1 = 2.943035529371538573;  // 8/e
    const double SHAT2 = 0.8989161620588987408; // 3-sqrt(12/e)
 
    double u;  // uniform random
    double lf; // ln(f(x))
    double x;  // real sample
    int    k;  // integer sample
 
    double pois_a     = L + 0.5; // hat center
    int    mode       = (int) L; // mode
    double pois_g     = std::log(L);
    double pois_f0    = mode * pois_g - lnOfFactorial(mode);  // value at mode
    double pois_h     = std::sqrt(SHAT1 * (L + 0.5)) + SHAT2; // hat width
    double pois_bound = (int) (pois_a + 6.0 * pois_h);        // safety-bound
 
    std::uniform_real_distribution<double> unif(0, 1);
 
    while (1) {
        u = unif(gen);
        if (u == 0)
            continue; // avoid division by 0
        x = pois_a + pois_h * (unif(gen) - 0.5) / u;
        if (x < 0 || x >= pois_bound)
            continue; // reject if outside valid range
        k  = (int) (x);
        lf = k * pois_g - lnOfFactorial(k) - pois_f0;
        if (lf >= u * (4.0 - u) - 3.0)
            break; // quick acceptance
        if (u * (u - lf) > 1.0)
            continue; // quick rejection
        if (2.0 * log(u) <= lf)
            break; // final acceptance
    }
    return k;
}
 
inline int poissonRatioOfUniformsInteger(double L)
{
    static std::random_device rd;
    static std::mt19937       gen(rd());
    return poissonRatioOfUniformsInteger(L, gen);
}
 
} // namespace detail
 
inline int poissonRandomNumber(double lambda, std::mt19937& gen)
{
    if (lambda > 50)
        return detail::poissonRatioOfUniformsInteger(lambda, gen);
 
    std::uniform_real_distribution<double> unif(0, 1);
 
    double L = exp(-lambda);
    int    k = 0;
    double p = 1.0;
    do {
        k = k + 1;
        p = p * unif(gen);
    } while (p > L);
 
    return k - 1;
}
 
inline int poissonRandomNumber(double lambda)
{
    static std::random_device rd;
    static std::mt19937       gen(rd());
    return detail::poissonRatioOfUniformsInteger(lambda, gen);
}
 
template<Point3Concept PointType>
PointType randomTriangleBarycentricCoordinate(std::mt19937& gen)
{
    using ScalarType = PointType::ScalarType;
 
    PointType                                  interp;
    std::uniform_real_distribution<ScalarType> unif(0, 1);
 
    interp[1] = unif(gen);
    interp[2] = unif(gen);
    if (interp[1] + interp[2] > 1.0) {
        interp[1] = 1.0 - interp[1];
        interp[2] = 1.0 - interp[2];
    }
 
    interp[0] = 1.0 - (interp[1] + interp[2]);
    return interp;
}
 
template<Point3Concept PointType>
PointType randomTriangleBarycentricCoordinate()
{
    static std::random_device rd;
    static std::mt19937       gen(rd());
    return randomTriangleBarycentricCoordinate<PointType>(gen);
}
 
template<typename ScalarType>
std::vector<ScalarType> randomPolygonBarycentricCoordinate(
    uint          polySize,
    std::mt19937& gen)
{
    std::vector<ScalarType> barCoord(polySize);
    ScalarType              sum = 0;
 
    std::uniform_real_distribution<ScalarType> unif(0, 100);
 
    for (uint i = 0; i < polySize; i++) {
        barCoord[i] = unif(gen);
        sum += barCoord[i];
    }
    for (uint i = 0; i < polySize; i++) {
        barCoord[i] /= sum;
    }
    return barCoord;
}
 
template<typename ScalarType>
std::vector<ScalarType> randomPolygonBarycentricCoordinate(uint polySize)
{
    static std::random_device rd;
    static std::mt19937       gen(rd());
    return randomPolygonBarycentricCoordinate<ScalarType>(polySize, gen);
}
 
} // namespace vcl
 
#endif // VCL_ALGORITHMS_CORE_RANDOM_H